![]() ![]() Practical solutions are proposed for support longitudinal displacement LDPs in simplified conditions. o Construct the rule base (Break down the control problem into a series of IF X AND Y, THEN Z rules based on the fuzzy logic rules). Anisotropic stresses and lagged (staged) excavation present a particular problem. Qadri Hamarsheh 4 o Construct the fuzzy logic membership functions that define the meaning or values of the input and output terms used in the rules. This paper examines the validity of these assumptions and the error inherent in these extensions to 2D tunnel analysis. While there have been developments to improve this methodology, this often assumes independence between the ground reaction curve and the support resistance, independence between the longitudinal displacement profile to support application, and the assumption that non-isotropic stresses and non-circular geometries can be handled in the same way as circular tunnels in isotropic conditions. Convergence in commonly applied 2D staged models is controlled by boundary displacement or internal pressure relaxation. The applicability of 2D finite element analysis or analytical convergence confinement solutions to staged support installation depend on the application of an assumed or validated longitudinal displacement profile. ![]() In spite of the gradual development of three-dimensional analysis packages utilizing finite element models or finite difference algorithms for stress–strain calculations, two-dimensional (2D) analysis is still used as the primary engineering tool for practical analysis of tunnel behavior and tunnel support performance for design-particularly at the preliminary stage of a project. Appropriate Uses and Practical Limitations of 2D Numerical Analysis of Tunnels and Tunnel Support Response Appropriate Uses and Practical Limitations of 2D Numerical Analysis of Tunnels and Tunnel Support. ![]()
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